【正点原子I.MX6U-ALPHA开发板】+②构建开发环境

yinwuqing

    大家鼠年身体健康，新型冠状病毒影响着今年的过年气氛，亲朋好友不再聚餐，不能随便走访，出行都戴口罩，搞得人心惶惶，焦虑万分。今天静下心来更新一下使用正点原子I.MX6U-ALPHA开发板工程的心得体会。
    此开发板运行的系统是Linux系统，因此需要安装一个基于Linux开发的编译环境。在正点原子官方提供的《阿尔法Linux开发板光盘资料（A盘）-资料盘》的《3.软件》文件夹下有比较齐全的软件工具，其最新提供的《【正点原子】I.MX6U嵌入式Linux驱动开发指南V1.0》讲述的非常详细，真可谓是面面俱到。在这里就使用光盘中推荐的“VMware-workstation-full-15.5.0”与“ubuntu-16.04.5-desktop-amd64”来搭建虚拟机系统。
    本地主机采用的是64位Win10系统，以管理员身份运行“VMware-workstation-full-15.5.0”软件，安装完成后输入激活密钥许可证，我在网上找了些，分享如下，希望对您有所帮助。
激活密钥许可证
VMware Workstation Pro 15 激活许可证
UY758-0RXEQ-M81WP-8ZM7Z-Y3HDA
VF750-4MX5Q-488DQ-9WZE9-ZY2D6
UU54R-FVD91-488PP-7NNGC-ZFAX6
YC74H-FGF92-081VZ-R5QNG-P6RY4
YC34H-6WWDK-085MQ-JYPNX-NZRA2
      然后再将“ubuntu-16.04.5-desktop-amd64”系统镜像导入进VMware软件中，安装中显示如下：

    等待5分钟左右系统安装完成后，在没有登录Linux系统前，先将VMware软件设置成桥接模式，有利于后续的网络连接，加快软件的更新速度。在《【正点原子】I.MX6U嵌入式Linux驱动开发指南V1.0》中介绍了本地windows系统与Linux虚拟机通过FTP服务传输文件，这里我们可以采用VMware的共享文件的功能，在重启虚拟机的时候，我们可以在VMware软件的“虚拟机”菜单下选中“安装VMware Tools”，然后登录进Liunx虚拟系统，然后在左边的启动框内看得到光盘图标，然后点击打开光盘，将压缩文件拷贝到桌面，然后在终端中采用管理员身份运行tar命令将桌面的压缩文件解压出来，然后使用管理员身份运行“vmware-install.pl”文件，然后一直回车，选择系统默认，遇到【no】时也需要选择输入yes，这样安装完成后，才能在“/mnt/hgfs”目录下看到我们在VMware软件设置中的共享目录。
    安装好VMware Tools工具后，我们需要将虚拟机中的软件更新，执行“sudo apt-get update”时老是报资源暂时不可用，似乎是被某个进程锁住了，然后网上搜索解决问题的办法，截图如下：

将lock文件删除后可以执行“sudo apt-get update”，但是老是报显示无法定位软件包，因此只能在网上找找软件源，在Linux系统设置中，将“软件和更新”中设置“下载自：中国服务器”，同时在“/etc/apt/sources.list”文件中做些补充。如下所示：

1. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   
2. deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
   
3. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   
4. deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   
5. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   
6. deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   
7. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   
8. deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
   
9. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
   
10. deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    
11. 
    
12. #deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)]/ xenial main restricted
    
13. 
    
14. # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
    
15. # newer versions of the distribution.
    
16. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
    
17. # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
    
18. 
    
19. ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
    
20. ## distribution.
    
21. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
    
22. # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
    
23. 
    
24. ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
    
25. ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
    
26. ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
    
27. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
    
28. # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
    
29. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
    
30. # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
    
31. 
    
32. ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
    
33. ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
    
34. ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
    
35. ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
    
36. ## security team.
    
37. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
    
38. # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
    
39. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
    
40. # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
    
41. 
    
42. ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
    
43. ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
    
44. ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
    
45. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
    
46. ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
    
47. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
48. # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
49. 
    
50. ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
    
51. ## 'partner' repository.
    
52. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
    
53. ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
    
54. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
    
55. # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
    
56. 
    
57. deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
    
58. # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
    
59. deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
    
60. # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
    
61. deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
    
62. # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
    
63. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse
    
64. 
    
65. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
    
66. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
    
67. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic universe
    
68. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
    
69. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
    
70. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
    
71. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
72. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted
    
73. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security universe
    
74. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security multiverse
    
75. 
    
76. deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu xenial main
    
77. deb http://packages.ros.org/ros-shadow-fixed/ubuntu xenial main
    
78. 
    
79. # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
    
80. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
    
81. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
    
82. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
    
83. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
    
84. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
    
85. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
    
86. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
87. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
    
88. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
    
89. deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
    

复制代码

这样再执行“sudo apt-get update”，可以快速将软件更新至最新版本。后续我们经常会用到Vim工具，而系统初始默认的vim中，上下左右变成了abcd，所以需要先将原来的vim卸载，执行“sudo apt-get remove vim-common”，然后再执行“sudo apt-get install vim”，这样Vim才能正常编辑使用。
    接下来我们再根据需求依次安装FTP服务，NFS网络服务，SSH服务，交叉编译器等。安装FTP服务截图如下：

     然后继续根据《【正点原子】I.MX6U嵌入式Linux驱动开发指南V1.0》的第四章节，继续安装NFS网络服务，截图信息如下：

再在设置环境变量的文件中设置一下启动NFS服务的路径

    同样的方法，将windows下的交叉编译器文件共享拷贝到“/usr/local/arm”下。

再在环境变量/etc/profile文件中设置链接的bin文件路径，添加代码“export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/arm/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin”

保存，退出Vim编辑，安装相关的库文件，执行“sudo apt-get install lsb-core lib32stdc++6”，待安装完成后，运行“arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -v”，显示如下，说明安装交叉编译器完成。

    综上所述，搭建Linux的开发环境其实比较简单，正点原子提供的官方光盘资料很齐全，当然由于Linux的许多软件源链接的服务器在国外，因此更新软件源比较缓慢，尤其是更新采用汉字输入法，中文系统等需要等待一段时间。此次分享就与大伙交流到这里，期待新型冠状病毒早日离去，生产生活恢复正常。谢谢！